Growing a cotton tree seedling (Gossypium spp.) requires warm temperatures, full sun, and care tailored to its tropical or subtropical origins. Whether you're growing cotton as an ornamental, for educational purposes, or to harvest fibers, here's a comprehensive guide:
🌿 How to Grow a Cotton Tree Seedling
1. Plant Overview
Botanical Name: Gossypium hirsutum (most common species)
Common Names: Cotton plant/tree, cotton bush
Type: Perennial shrub/tree (grows as annual in temperate climates)
Zones: USDA 8–11 (grows as annual in zones 6–7)
Height: 3–6 feet (bushy) or up to 10+ feet in tree-like form in warm regions
2. Ideal Growing Conditions
☀️ Sunlight
Needs full sun: at least 6–8 hours/day
The more sunlight, the better the flower and fiber production
🌱 Soil
Well-draining, loamy or sandy soil
Slightly acidic to neutral pH: 5.8–7.0
Avoid heavy clay or waterlogged soil
🌡️ Temperature
Warm weather is critical: Cotton needs daytime temps of 70–95°F (21–35°C)
Sensitive to frost — do not plant until soil is warm (above 65°F/18°C)
3. Planting Instructions
📅 Best Time to Plant
Late spring or early summer, once frost risk has passed and soil is warm
🕳️ Planting Steps
Choose a sunny location with room for air circulation
Dig a hole the same depth as the root ball, twice as wide
Place seedling and backfill with native soil
Water well after planting
Add light mulch to conserve moisture and suppress weeds
📏 Spacing
2–3 feet apart for seedlings in rows or garden beds
4. Watering
Young seedlings: Keep soil moist but not soggy (1–2 times/week)
Established plants: Water deeply when top inch of soil is dry
Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot
5. Fertilizing
Start feeding 2–3 weeks after planting
Use balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) every 4–6 weeks
Optional: Add compost or aged manure for organic nutrients
6. Growth & Development
Flowering: After 6–8 weeks, plants produce large, creamy flowers that turn pink
Boll formation: Flowers give way to green pods (bolls) that swell and eventually burst open to reveal white cotton fibers
Time to harvest: ~120–160 days from planting
7. Pruning (If Tree-Formed)
In warm climates, cotton can grow into tree-like perennials
Prune in late winter to shape or control size
Remove dead or crossing branches to encourage air flow
8. Pests & Diseases
Common pests: Aphids, whiteflies, boll weevils, thrips
Diseases: Fusarium wilt, bacterial blight
Prevention:
Use insecticidal soap or neem oil
Practice crop rotation if replanting in the same area
Avoid wet foliage and overcrowding
9. Harvesting Cotton
When bolls burst open and dry, cotton is ready to pick
Harvest by hand; separate cotton from seeds if desired
For fiber use, dry completely and store in a cool, dry place
✅ Quick Tips
Requires warm weather and full sun
Avoid planting too early — cotton hates cold soil
Needs well-drained soil and consistent moisture
Hand-pollination not required — flowers self-pollinate
Can be grown in containers in cooler zones and overwintered indoors